THE INFLUENCE OF THE GERMAN SCHOOL OF GEOPOLITICS ON THE MODERN GEOPOLITICAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2021-02-161-176Keywords:
geopolitics, historical stage, Germany, K. Haushofer, continental blocAbstract
The article examines the German School of Geopolitics as one of the leading schools for the study of geopolitical science. The essence of the concept of "geopolitics" and the main approaches to its definition are considered. The necessity of research and analysis of the main stages of formation and development of the German school of geopolitics is substantiated. The contribution of the German school of geopolitics to the formation of science in general was studied. The characteristic features of the origin of geopolitics in Germany are considered and it is proved how the history of the state itself influenced the peculiarities of the origin and evolution of geopolitics and geopolitical concepts in Germany. The main works of domestic and foreign scholars on the analysis of the development of the German school of geopolitics are studied. Scientific methods are considered, the application of which allows comprehensively to study and analyze the historical stages of development of the German school of geopolitics. Based on the results of the study, the article proposed to identify 4 main stages of the historical development of the German school of geopolitics, namely: I primary (late XIX-early XX) - along with the emergence of such sciences as political geography and geopolitics, in the German school of geopolitics. II fundamental (early XX-mid XX) - the evolution of geopolitical thinking, the development of geopolitical ideas in the works of Karl Haushofer and their impact on the ideology of fascism. III Restoration (mid-twentieth-late twentieth) - after a period of prohibition of geopolitics as a result of the use and implementation of the ideas of K. Haushofer by A. Hitler (1889-1945) and his supporters - the resumption of geopolitical research in the works of authors such as Schmitt (1888-1985), F. Hesse (1881-1973), E. Vow (1886-1981) and others. IV modern (late XX-present) - the formation of new geopolitical thinking and the implementation in practice of geopolitical ideas and visions of the new reunited Germany. The main characteristics of each of the studied stages were revealed in the article. The expediency of their allocation in such time frames, which are presented in the article, is substantiated. The works of the classics of the German school of geopolitics were considered and their main geopolitical ideas and visions were analyzed. The article paid special attention to the study of the works of K. Haushofer and the study of his influence on the formation of the ideological vision of the Third Reich, and, as a consequence of his activities, the prohibition of geopolitics around the world.
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