PHRASEOLOGICAL MEANS DENOTING CONDEMNATION IN MODERN ENGLISH AND FEATURES OF THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

Abstract

The article identifies and analyzes phraseological units that express a negative assessment of the addressee; the characteristics of the person who is the most susceptible to condemnation in the English-speaking society and are fixed in phraseological units are defined; phraseological units denoting the actions of the addressee that may cause condemnation are analyzed. Phraseological means are the part of vocabulary that most accurately and clearly convey emotions and expressions in the language. They accurately express the emotional state of the speaker and are therefore widely used to indicate his evaluative attitude towards the person. It is determined that the vast majority of phraseological expressions have an expressive colour, the subjectively modal component of their semantics promotes the rendering of feelings, emotions, emotional experiences. It is revealed that on a structural-morphological basis phraseological units denoting condemnation can be divided into verbal and substantive. Phraseological units denoting condemnation express varying degrees of criticism: from slight disapproval of the addressee’s actions to condemnation with insults. It was found that in the English-speaking society the following characteristics of the person are condemned most often: redundancy, wealth, irritability, insidiousness, dishonesty in business, etc.

The article considers the methods of translation of phraseological units into the Ukrainian language and analyzes which methods of translation are most often used in the rendering of phraseological units with a negative mark. Difficulties in translating English phraseology are due to the complexity of their semantic structure, figurative nature, national and cultural specifics of their meanings. It was found that in the process of translating phraseological units to denote condemnation, descriptive translation is used most often, because a large number of English phraseological units are non-equivalent. At the same time, it is also possible to find a phraseological analogue or phraseological equivalent rendering such phraseological units in the Ukrainian language.