INTERNATIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE WITHDRAWAL OF AMERICAN TROOPS FROM AFGHANISTAN

Abstract

The international consequences of the withdrawal of US troops from Afghani- stan are analyzed. It is noted that the goals pursued by the United States in Af- ghanistan were both economic and geopolitical. Yes, Washington is seeking ac- cess to energy resources. The United States is also stepping up its presence and influence in the region through Afghanistan, pursuing a policy of containment against competing countries such as Russia, China, India and Pakistan. It was formed during the civil war in Afghanistan by residents of mostly southern and eastern areas – Pashtuns. Under Mohammed Omar, the Taliban extended their control to much of Afghanistan, rejecting Mujahideen rule. In 1996, they pro- claimed the formation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. In the controlled territories, they established Sharia in its harshest interpretation, brutally per- secuting dissidents and banning the achievements of Western civilization. The Taliban regime in Afghanistan was overthrown in 2001 during an anti-terrorist campaign initiated by the United States after the 9/11 attacks. The withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan in the summer of 2021 created favorable conditions for the rapid advance of the Taliban and their capture of the country. This has destabilized the region and reduced the prestige of the United States. On the other hand, other regional players have stepped up their efforts. Yes, Iran has changed its policy towards the Taliban – cooperation between the countries is being established, despite ideological differences. Russia positions itself as a guarantor of security in Central Asia. At the same time, it is quite difficult for Afghanistan to act unilaterally, as it has a negative image acquired during the years of Soviet intervention. China, which is concerned about the Taliban's ties to the Islamic Movement of East Turkestan, has also worked more closely to gain additional security guarantees. Security challenges and the desire to find additional leverage to counterbalance Pakistan are also pushing India to cooperate with the Taliban. In general, it is stated that the goal of the actors involved in this issue is to secure their spheres of influence and prevent the spread of the Afghan crisis beyond its borders.