POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF RESTRICTING THE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT OF CITIZENS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2023-02-227-249Keywords:
martial law, state migration policy, European integration, constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens,, national security, restrictions on citizens' rights, freedom of movementAbstract
Ensuring the rights and freedoms of a citizen is a fundamental task of a demo- cratic state. The rights and freedoms of a citizen are guaranteed by national legislation and international legal acts. The exception is periods of emergency situations that threaten the existence of the state and society. In order to protect them, there is a special legal regime that provides for significant restrictions on civil rights and freedoms.
The article examines the political and legal aspects of limiting constitutional rights and freedoms during the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine. Attention is focused on the objective necessity of such steps on the part of state in- stitutions in wartime.
The regulatory legal acts defining the basic principles of state policy regarding conscripted citizens and regulating their movement within the state and outside it were analyzed; which provide for certain restrictions on constitutional rights and freedoms, in particular freedom of movement. It was established that even during the legal regime of martial law, it is impossible to introduce an absolute ban on leaving the borders of the state for conscripts. It was determined that one of the main tasks of the government is the fair ranking and division of citi- zens into categories for the effective defense of the state during war. The categories of conscript citizens whose legal status was changed by state in- stitutions of power and given the opportunity to leave the country, or who were refused and limited to leave the country during the restrictions of the legal re- gime of martial law, were identified. The mechanisms of civil society commu- nication with the state authorities during the war were studied. The importance of the electronic petition system as a way of conveying problematic issues to relevant institutions that implement state policy is emphasized. It is noted that, in general, the state implements an effective policy in the field of ensuring the basic rights and freedoms of citizens during wartime.
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