DIGITALIZATION MEASURES IN THE CONTEXT OF MIGRATION POLICY OF THE 21ST CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2524-2679-2025-01-43-54Keywords:
migration policy, digitalization, information and communication technologies, digital control, social networks, digital toolsAbstract
The article examines the issue of the impact of digitalization on migration pro- cesses. Using the example of the European Union, measures taken to improve digitalization methods in order to prevent illegal border crossing by migrants are traced. The role of digitalization in a number of discourses and practices re- lated to migration is clarified, in particular, the strengthening of digital control. The concept of digital transformation is clarified in the context of the specifics of migration processes and a definition of means of digitalization of migration policy is proposed as the use of innovative information and communication tech- nologies (from social media, online information portals for migrants, job search portals for labor migrants, public services in digital format, to biometric identifi- cation systems, automated passport readers and facial recognition software, etc.) in order to ensure effective migration policy at the current stage. The features of the use of social networks in the context of EU migration policy are analyzed. It is found that at the current stage, digital technologies are positioned as indis- pensable tools for migrants, as they help navigate complex migration journeys, settlement processes and integration into new societies. From accessing informa- tion and services to maintaining social ties and defending their rights, migrants’ digital practices play a key role in shaping their experiences and trajectories in host countries. The work of two comprehensive registration and surveillance systems is examined: the Schengen Information System (SIS) and the Request for Supplementary Information at National Entry (SIRENE). It is found that by harnessing the power of digital technologies, the European Union can continue to strengthen its borders, promote regional integration and secure and seamless mobility across diverse landscapes. The emphasis is on the existence of a number of debatable issues regarding the specifics of the use of digital tools in migra- tion control, in particular, the confidentiality of biometric data, potential risks of data leakage or cyberattacks, differences in technological infrastructure between member states, etc.
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